It has been recognized that agroforesty provides various benefits and services including increasing and diversifying crop production, preventing soil erosion, enhancing soil fertility and water quality, and conserving biodiversity. In addition to these various benefits and services, recently carbon (C) sequestration under agroforestry has got growing attention. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of C sequestration and changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under agroforestry. We, therefore, compiled and analysed 109 data sets for biomass and soil C sequestration rates and 27 data sets for GHG methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions under agroforestry. Overall, agroforestry (at an average age of 14 years) sequestered 7.2 ± 2.8 t C ha^–1 y^–1, with biomass and soil C sequestration contributing 70% and 30% of that increment, respectively. Soils under agroforestry mitigated 1.6 ± 1.0 kg CH₄ ha^–1 y^–1 and emitted 7.7 ± 3.3 kg N₂O ha^–1 y^–1. Overall, agroforestry was estimated to contribute to mitigating 27.2 ± 13.5 t carbon dioxide (CO₂) equivalent (eq.) ha^–1 y^–1 at least at the early stage (i.e., around 10 years). The results suggest that agroforestry has great potential for mitigating climate change through C sequestration and mitigate GHG emissions while it provides various benefits and services including restoring degraded lands and securing food for local communities